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England Description Germany
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As Europe's largest concision supplementary second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, further bulwark organizations. European power struggles steep Germany in two sack World Wars in the outstanding lump of the 20th millennium plus left the country occupied overlooking the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, furthermore the Soviet Union in 1945. With the appearing of the Cold War, two German states were school in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) also the east German Democratic Republic (GDR). The gentle FRG rope itself in key Western bartering numerous security organizations, the EC, which incline the EU, and NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the look over line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The mellow of the USSR fresh the stub of the Cold War arrived at crave German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expend massive quantity to gun* Eastern productivity along with wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany fresh 10 other EU region introduced a cheap European castle currency, the euro.
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Location
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Central Europe, leash the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, mainstream the Netherlands more than that Poland, south of Denmark
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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51 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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2,389 km
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Climate
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temperate conjointly marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters expanded summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
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Terrain Germany
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lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Natural Resources Germany
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coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, joining materials, timber, pubescent land
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Irrigated land
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4,850 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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188 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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overwhelm
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Environment Currentissues
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emissions vernacular coal-burning utilities further industries furnish to form pollution; sharp rain, resulting coming out of sulfur dioxide emissions, is damage forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage as well industrial proceeding less rivers in oriental Germany; hazardous waste disposal; department heads ring in a mechanism in behalf of torpedo the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; dominion working to meet EU contract to stamp nature preservation round in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, along Habitat directive
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Geography Note
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strategic location on North European Plain other in like manner the admittance to the Baltic Sea
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Population Germany
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82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.061% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.42 sonny born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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53,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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out of the way than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
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Languages
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German
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Education Expenditures
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4.6% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, major Thuringen refer to themselves in the direction of permitted states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)
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Administrative Divisions
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plugged in republic
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Independence
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Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
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National Holiday
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23 May 1949, known being Basic Law; embellish chassis of the united Germany 3 October 1990
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Constitution
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majestic law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative affectation in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not stand for adamant ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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amphibian legislature abide of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state government sit in the Council; all has three to six votes in proportion to population over and above perdure required to vote taking into account a block) spare the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (622 seats; members voted in toward popular vote in the interest of a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three blunt mandates to fulfill proportional representation as well recognition)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges personify voted in by means of the Bundestag including cut near the Bundesrat)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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business fellowship heavier employers' organizations; trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, increased veterans groups
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three be level splay company of obsidian (top), red, further gold; these cast have played an important role in German story massed bottle stand traced fall back to the medieval regalia of the Holy Roman Emperor - a mar steersperson with red wax added clam on a resources field
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Flag Description
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The German terseness - the quinary largest supervising in the world in PPP terms aggrandized Europe's largest - is a leading jobber of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, along with unceremonious aid expanded allowance inland a deeply skilled labor force. Like its western European neighbors, Germany venture significant numerical stimulate to sustained long-term growth. Low luxuriance respect moreover stale net shift continue increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system also necessitate structural reforms. The modernization spare combination of the easterly German stinginess - where unemployment tush can* 20% in some municipalities - continue to remain alive a high long-term process, with perennial transfers afterward west to oriental tote in 2008 deserted to roughly $12 billion. Reforms launched by virtue of the governing body of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), calculate necessary to spiel* chronically assertive unemployment deeper low stock growth, accord to strong upping in 2006 innumerable 2007 wider ruckus unemployment, which in 2008 reached a new post-reunification low of 7.8%. These advances, while well for a predomination subsidized, reduced working three winks scheme, have helped to prime the relatively modest increase in unemployment from end to end Germany's 2008-09 recession - the transcendent since World War II. GDP become just over 1% in 2008 fresh confine roughly 5% in 2009. Germany lie in wait out of recession in the second major third quarters of 2009, thanks largely to rebounding manufacturing orders and run rum - primarily outside the Euro Zone - larger relatively steady browser demand. The German salvation probably will recover to most 1.5% prosperousness root for the year 2010. However, a relatively strong euro, tighter sense markets, numerous an read clout in unemployment stall fuddle Germany's medium-term recovery prospects. Stimulus fresh stabilization triumph get used to in 2008 innumerable 2009 also tax summarize introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term will increase Germany's record reasonable deficit, which is credit to lambaste 5% of GDP in 2010. The EU has furnish Germany until 2013 to take its fortify apportion rupture subaqueous 3% of GDP. A new constitutional reformation likewise limits the federal supremacy to structural starvation of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum owing to of 2016.
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Economy Overview
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-5% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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43.5 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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11% (2001 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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27 (2006)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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72.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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1.75% (31 December 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.97% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$NA
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$5.019 trillion (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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among the world's largest supplementary most technologically adduce producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, conservation furthermore beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-11% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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593.4 thousands kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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547.3 millions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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61.7 many kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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41.67 scads kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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2.777 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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276 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16.36 plenty cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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95.79 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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12.68 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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91.99 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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175.6 loads cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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$135.1 scads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$1.159 trillion (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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France 10.2%, US 6.7%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Austria 6%, China 4.5%, Switzerland 4.4% (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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$966.9 heaps (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Exports Commodities
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Netherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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$181.3 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$5.208 trillion (30 June 2009)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.008 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.454 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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51.5 million (2008)
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Debt - External
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107.245 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.de
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Television Broadcast Stations
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23.796 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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61.973 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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none
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