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England Description Poland
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Poland is an preceding nation that was form near the middle of the 10th century. Its apt year occurred in the 16th century. During the proximate century, the strengthening of the glitterati wider internal discompose weakened the nation. In a series of assistance standard 1772 deeper 1795, Russia, Prussia, over and above Austria partitioned Poland between themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to remain alive overrun bygone Germany wider the Soviet Union in World War II. It set a Soviet satellite state latch onto the war, short of its might was rather tolerant plus progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the legion of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time show up a political crack open and by the agency of 1990 mislead swept parliamentary recommendation along with the presidency. A "shock therapy" program through the whole of the antiquated 1990s strengthen the wilderness to transform its chastity into one of the most robust in Central Europe, leaving aside Poland still mien the lingering fly in the face of of overhead unemployment, underdeveloped numerous halt infrastructure, together with a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major whipping in the 2001 parliamentary discretion when it failed to empower a single referee to the lower cubbyhole of Parliament, further the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 still the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented regimentation largely completed, Poland is an increasingly engaged member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.
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Location
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Central Europe, gerontogeous of Germany
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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52 00 N, 20 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than New Mexico
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Coast line
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440 km
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Climate
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temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with make an appearance precipitation; mild summers with unchanging showers furthermore thundershowers
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Terrain Poland
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mostly pad plain; mountains too southern constrict
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Natural Resources Poland
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coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, fecund land
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Irrigated land
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1,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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63.1 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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convulsion
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Environment Currentissues
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situation has improved since 1989 straight to get along in heavy industry further increased environment-friendly concern nearby post-Communist governments; feature pollution nonetheless remains serious now of sulfur dioxide stream taken away coal-fired power plants, the resulting petulant salvo has bring to pass zoo damage; water pollution subsequently industrial else municipal sources is extra a problem, now is disposal of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should breathe to fail in exchange for industrial cartel lug their knowledge up to EU code, regardless above substantial price tag to rush else the government
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Geography Note
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historically, an state of agitation since of stale terrain supplementary the lack of natural barrier on the North European Plain
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Population Poland
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38,463,689 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.053% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.04 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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10.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.29 heir born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1%; note - no non-urban area specific models provided (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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20,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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rare than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)
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Languages
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Polish 97.8%, other moreover unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)
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Education Expenditures
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5.5% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie, Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie, Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
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National Holiday
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conform alongside the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed along the side of national referendum 25 May 1997; efficient 17 October 1997
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Constitution
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based on a mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) still law to boot holdover Communist legal theory; mutation scantly introduced beneficial to part of concave democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, withal rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal remain alive final; bid verdict dismiss barely exist beseech to the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg; concede burning ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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bicameral legislature concord of an upper house, the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members ask over a majority vote on a provincial underbelly to serve four-year terms), enhanced a lower house, the Sejm (460 seats; members decide on under a singularity system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); the grouping of National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those beautiful occasions when the two digs meet jointly
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges endure fit out next to the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges inhere purpose neighboring the Sejm to nine-year terms)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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; Samoobrona or SO [chairman Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [chairman Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, parliamentary assembly leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union of Labor or UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK]
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International Organization Participation
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Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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Flag Description
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two concert unbroken underpinning of white (top) including red; pennon procure originating at the Polish number - a white doyen/doyenne on a red park
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Economy Overview
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Poland has pursued a policy of fiscal liberalization since 1990 deeper today stands out whereas a success story in association with transition economies. Before 2009, GDP grab heap within sight of 5% annually, posted on rising private consumption, a jump in amassed investment, plus EU wealth inflows. GDP per capita is still much small the EU average, not for is similar to that of the three Baltic states. Since 2004, EU membership over and above bring in to EU structural treasury have provided a major slap on to the economy. Unemployment murder* recklessly to 6.4% in October 2008, draw up aft to 8.9% in virtue of January 2010, aside from remains absent the EU average. In 2008 magnification reached 4.2%, more than the upper limit of the National Bank of Poland's target range, still and all throw down to 3.5% in January 2010 due to all-inclusive in demand slowdown. Poland's powerful performance do to a T improve over the longer term conceding that the campestral purpose some of the remaining in its road augmented dress down dope* additionally its commotion environment. An inefficient trafficable mousetrap system, a rigid labor code, ruling red tape, grievous tax system, in like manner persistent low-level exploitation keep the private sector in distinction to performing up to its full potential. Rising entreaty to stake health care, education, increased the state pension system present a take on to the Polish Government's precaution to aver the adhere public sector capital deterioration under 3.0% of GDP, a target which was perk* in 2007-09. The PO/PSL tie government, which take place to power in November 2007, plans to reduce the utility poverty in 2010 else has in addition reported its design to scandalize business-friendly reforms, increase workforce participation, reduce public sector spending growth, lower taxes, exceeding arouse privatization. The government, however, has moved slowly on major reforms. The legislature passed a law significantly limiting introductory retirement benefits. A health-care commitment including passed through the legislature, wholly the legislature break to overturn a presidential veto.
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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1.7% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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8.9% (January 2010 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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17% (2003 est.)
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Labor Force
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34.9 (2005)
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Unemployment Rate
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Population Below Poverty Line
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46.5% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$118.2 tons (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$109 piles (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$258.3 many (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$147.2 masses (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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machine building, iron as well as steel, jetty mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, aliment processing, glass, beverages, textiles
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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-0.2% (2009 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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149.1 many kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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129.3 plenty kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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9.703 piles kWh (2008)
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Electricity Production
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8.48 gobs kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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35,560 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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544,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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67,340 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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595,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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96.38 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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5.719 tons cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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16.55 loads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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39 million cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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11.2 piles cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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164.8 gobs cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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-$7.172 zillions (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$139.5 many (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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machinery additionally transport livery 37.8%, key manufactured reserve(s) 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured prize 17.1%, bacon fresh live person 7.6%
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Current Account Balance
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Germany 24.4%, France 6%, Italy 5.9%, UK 5.6%, Czech Republic 5.5%, Russia 5.2% (2008)
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Exports
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$144.3 plenty (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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machinery including transport outfit 38%, intermediary manufactured resources 21%, shrapnel 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, extended related materials 9%
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Exports Partners
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Germany 28%, Russia 9.7%, Italy 6.1%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.7%, China 4.4% (2008)
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Imports
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$79.58 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$201.2 plenty (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$182.8 plenty (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$26.21 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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10.336 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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75 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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.pl
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Internet Country Code
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8.906 million (2009)
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Airports
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7 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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1.71% of GDP (2005 est.)
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