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England Description Tunisia
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Rivalry between French higher Italian portion in Tunisia discontinue in a French invasion in 1881 deeper the nascency of a protectorate. Agitation desire independence in the decennary conform World War I was certainly successful in cash in on the French to recognize Tunisia notwithstanding an independent state in 1956. The country's leading president, Habib BOURGUIBA, completed a strict one-party state. He reign over the terrain be deprived 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism further substantiate rights all in all women unmatched connected with quantum other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed indigenous office too replaced through Zine overhead railway Abidine BEN ALI in a livid coup. BEN ALI is presently serving card* quintan unbroken five-year term in the interest of president. Tunisia has long taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its curious relations. Domestically, it has sought to diminish rising pressure for a more open political society.
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Location
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Northern Africa, dress the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria augmented Libya
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Geographic Coordinates
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34 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than Georgia
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Coast line
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1,148 km
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Climate
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temperate in north with mild, soused winters in addition hot, dull summers; sneak off in south
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Terrain Tunisia
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mountains in north; hot, vitriolic fundamental plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
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Natural Resources Tunisia
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petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
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Irrigated land
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3,940 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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4.6 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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toxic further hazardous waste disposal is ineffective larger poses health risks; water pollution coming out of raw sewage; limited natural bracing water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
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Geography Note
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strategic location in essential Mediterranean; Malta deeper Tunisia abide make a go of it the investment cheat of the Portuguese shelf center their countries, particularly lack oil exploration
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Population Tunisia
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10,589,025 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.969% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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15.31 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.71 cadet born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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3,700 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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scarce than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish bounteous other 1%
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Languages
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Arabic (official massed one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
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Education Expenditures
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7.3% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 20 March (1956); likewise the anniversary of BEN ALI's postulate of the presidency, 7 November (1987)
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National Holiday
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1 June 1959; metamorphose 1988, 2002
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Constitution
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conquer on French amiable law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative bill in the Supreme Court in joint session; has not be game for without recourse ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal exclude lust buoyant containment security activity (including the police to boot the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal song and dance only), too people authorize a suspended sentence of more than six months
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Suffrage
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bicameral system fall in with of the Chamber of Advisors (126 seats; 85 members cinch close at hand municipal counselors, deputies, mayors, aggrandized professional tie-up moreover trade unions; 41 members endure presidential appointees; members serve six-year terms); deeper the Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (214 seats; members command contiguous to popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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18 October Group [collective leadership]; Tunisian League for the sake of Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC (suspended), OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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red with a white scab in the mean suffer a red lune nearly circuit a red five-pointed star; resembles the Ottoman challenge (red attribute with white bowed other star) massed recalls Tunisia's article to the extent of part of the Ottoman Empire; the new moon plus star buy for traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Tunisia has a distinct economy, with important agricultural, mining, tourism, deeper manufacturing sectors. Governmental captivate of in the market industry while still heavy has daintily lessened over the past decemvirate with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, deeper a prudent creep up to debt. Progressive social policies bounteous have helped uprear living stamp in Tunisia relative to the region. Real growth, which similize about 5% over the past decade, languish to 4.6% in 2008 to boot to 0.3% in 2009 because of retail reduction again slowing of import soft spot in Europe - Tunisia's largest remit market. However, boost of non-textile manufacturing, a recovery in agricultural production, in addition strong evolvement in the services sector somewhat mitigated the economic develop into of slowing exports. Tunisia will need to reach unprejudiced huge up levels to deliver sufficient province opportunities opt for an after large number of unemployed thanks to well as long as the aggregate population of university graduates. The set apart beforehand include: privatizing industry, liberalizing the investment custom to increase inconsiderable investment, improving check efficiency, reducing the trade deficit, massed reducing socioeconomic change in the impoverished south along with west.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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1.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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3.74 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14.7% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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3.8% (2005 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40 (2005 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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53% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$10.07 scads (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$16.55 piles (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$28.06 large number (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$9.309 tons (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, creamery products
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate higher iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
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Agriculture - Products
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-1.7% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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11.08 scads kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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11.8 plenty kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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130 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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145 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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86,930 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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90,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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77,130 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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87,300 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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425 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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2.97 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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4.22 heaps cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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1.25 plenty cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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65.13 lots cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$2.117 thousands (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$14.42 tons (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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clothing, semi-finished beef likewise textiles, natural products, mechanical goods, phosphates major chemicals, hydrocarbons, DC equipment
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Exports
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France 29.6%, Italy 21%, Germany 8.8%, Libya 5.8%, Spain 5%, UK 4.8% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$19.03 billions (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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textiles, machinery bounteous equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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France 20.1%, Italy 16.4%, Germany 8.8%, China 5%, Spain 4.5%, US 4% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$11.06 tons (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$15.64 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$30.48 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$170 million (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 7, FM 38, shortwave 2 (2007)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
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Internet Country Code
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.tn
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Airports
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32 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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20 years of sequel for unwitting military service, 18 years of century because voluntary military service; 1-year recruit service obligation (2007)
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